Cambridge Structural Database System

http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/index.php

The CCDC is a non-profit, charitable Institution whose objectives are the general advancement and promotion of the science of chemistry and crystallography for the public benefit.

The CCDC serves the scientific community through the acquisition, evaluation, dissemination and use of the world's output of small molecule crystal structures by:

  • Compiling the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) - the world repository of small-molecule crystal structures
  • Developing scientific products and services - structural knowledge bases and applications software for the life sciences and crystallography
  • Maximising worldwide accessibility to the CSD for scientists in academia and industry
  • Performing and supporting fundamental research using CSD information and CCDC products
  • Promoting and supporting applications of crystal structure information in academia and industry

The CCDC is located on the Chemistry Campus of the University of Cambridge. It is self financing and self administering. The company has 51 employees, mostly full time, and is a recognised institute for the training of students for postgraduate degrees of the University. 



UPS Database

UPS Database

Ultraviolet electron spectroscopy is used with metallic material, semiconductors, alloys, adsorbed layers. It is dedicated to band structure study.

This technique involves a UV lamp for the radiation source. Ionised helium is emitting light in the ultraviolet range. Depending on the gas flow, i.e. gas density in the ionisation chamber, two different emissions can be obtained. These emissions are classified according to their energy:


  • He I (21.2 eV)
  • He II (40.8 eV)

  • By characterising band structures this spectroscopy allows to: 

    • Determine the nature of chemical species being present of the surface of the specimen

    • Studying state density at the Fermi level



    Determination of the chemical species that are presents at the very surface of a specimen

    When two atoms are being bound by a chemical bond, they are building a molecule, the atomic orbitals of these atoms are modified and this new arrangement creates a new equilibrium.

    Energy diagram showing two atoms encountering and resulting in a new molecule.
    Atom A Molecule AB Atom B


    The same process occurs again if a new atom encounters the molecule. In this way, we turn from a chemical binding into a band structure as shown by the following video sequence.


    This shows that the band structure of each molecule has its own spectral signature. By studying the structure it is possible to determine the chemical nature of a surface.


    http://www.lasurface.com/database/elementaes.php

    XPS Database


    XPS Database
     
    The following pages are meant as an aid in understanding this technique. They are aimed at quickly explaining the fundamentals or simply refreshing your mind. According to your personal knowledge, choose which level suits you best.


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